ПРО ОДНОГО ИЗ ЗАСНОВНИКІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ – ФІЗИКИ ПЛАЗМИ

Анотація

У статті розглядається проблема становлення українського вченого у галузі фізики плазми та термоядерного синтезу Олега Олександровича Лаврентьєва – доктора фізико-математичних наук, заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України, розробника плазменних установок типу «Юпітер». Розкривається його роль у розвитку теорії плазми і практики її застосування у Харківському Фізико-технічному інституті.

The article considers the problem of formation of the Ukrainian scientist in the branch of plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion Oleg Oleksandrovich Lavrent'ev – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, plasma installations creator of the «Jupiter». It expands its role in the development of plasma theory and its practical application at the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology. On the history of the Soviet Union's nuclear and thermonuclear bombs written quite diverse and even monographs. The role of Soviet scientists, apart from western loans classified information reflected in them quite objectively. It cannot be said about the history of the CNF (controlled thermonuclear fusion) in our country.Fathers ideas fusion with magnetic confinement of hot plasma in fusion reactors is considered Sakharov and Tamm. Yes, it is true, but what if it is almost never mentioned the name of O.O. Lavrent'ev – this is definitely a great injustice. With 18 years went voluntarily to the front, was in intelligence. Independently overcame a year program for high school (three classes). Peredplachuvav journal «Physics-Uspekhi», which is intended for researchers, graduate students. In addition, he alone mastered differential and integral calculus course mechanics, heat, molecular physics, atomic physics electrodynamics. The value O.O. Lavrent'ev idea was to put forward his principle of operation of the hydrogen bomb deyteridom 6LiD lithium as the main nuclear fuel from uranium detonator, which is located in the center of the sphere filled 6LiD, in principle, gun rapprochement between the two subcritical masses of sharing material. In 1958 in Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology launched the first electrostatic «lovushka» C1 Oleg Lavrent'ev. Started successful research plasma define its parameters. Then secrecy was lifted fusion research, because it turned out that in the world were dozens of such devices. 1968 was a turning point in research activities O.O. Lavrent'ev. In Novosibirsk conference on plasma physics and controlled fusion of his work received international recognition. A year later, adopted a program of «Jupiter». Were built experimental one slit pulsed magnetic fields of the «Jupiter- 1A», «Jupiter-1M» and electrostatic field «Jupiter-1E»